FEDERAL AND UNITARY FEATURES OF THE INDIAN UNION

Federal and Unitary Features

of the india Union

• India is diffrent from the United States of America because in United State the federation is based on an agreement between different States, and  the States have the rights to secede from the Union.
• The India Consstition has the feature both of federal and unitary froms of Goverment.

   

Federal features

• Distribution of powers between Union and the States has been made as per the three lists.
• The Union Goverment as well as the State Goverment have to function strictly in accordance with the Constitution. They can neither alter distribution of powers nor override the dictates of the Constitution.
• Indian Constitution is entirely written. An amendment to it must be passed by the parliament and if an amendment by at least half the State Legislatures.]
• Like others federal states our country also has an indepensent Judiciary as an essential features.

Unitary features of the India Constitution

• In a federation, peole enjoy dual citizenship, that of the Centre and of the State to which they belong. But the India Constitution provides every Indian with single citizenship.
• The most important subjects are included in the Union list which has been allocated to the centre.
• The centre can legislate on the subjects in the concurrent list.
• Residuray powers belong to the centre.
• Single Constitutional Framwork has been provided for the centre as well as for the State.
• The proclamation of the National emergency can immediately turn yhe federal syatem of India into a Unitary one.
• In a federation, each State should get equal representation irrespective of its size or population. But in the Rajya Sabha in India, States are represented on the basis of population. Besides, the President has the power to nominate twelve members to the Rajya Sabha.
• The Governors of the States are appointed by the president and they continue to hold office only during his plessure.
• The Indian Constitution provides for single judiciary, a single system of civil and criminal law and command ALL India Services.
• The authority of the Comptroller and Auditor-General and the Chief Election Commissioner uniformly prevails over the Union as well as States.